
The real purpose of the “war on drugs” in Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela was never just cocaine—it was control.
Story Snapshot
- Drug-war language repeatedly paved the way for U.S. invasions, bases, and regime change, while cocaine flows barely blinked.
- Noriega in 1989 and Maduro in 2026 bookend a 36-year pattern of toppling former partners and adversaries under narco-charges.
- Plan Colombia became the template: merge anti-drug and counter-insurgency, fund militaries, and shift coca fields rather than end the trade.
- American conservatives now face a hard question: is this about protecting families from drugs, or projecting power with a moral cover story?
How Panama Became the Prototype for Drug-War Regime Change
Panama in the 1980s reveals how Washington learned to fuse drug rhetoric with raw power. Manuel Noriega, a longtime CIA asset, ran Panama’s defense forces while working with Medellín traffickers, using his country as a cocaine pipeline and money-laundering hub. When he became a political liability, U.S. prosecutors indicted him on drug charges, giving a clean legal hook. On December 20, 1989, about 27,000 U.S. troops invaded under Operation Just Cause to seize Noriega and “restore democracy.”
American conservatives who care about sovereignty and limited government see a problem here. The same Washington machine that tolerated Noriega’s double game for years suddenly discovered his crimes when he no longer served U.S. strategic needs. The drug war language softened domestic resistance to an invasion that killed civilians, devastated working-class neighborhoods, and installed a more compliant government—while Panama remained a transit and financial hub for narcotics after the dust settled.
Plan Colombia: When Counter-Narcotics Became Permanent Infrastructure
Colombia turned that template into a long-term system. By the 1970s and 1980s, Medellín and Cali cartels dominated cocaine exports, while guerrilla groups like FARC and ELN, and right-wing paramilitaries, fed off the drug economy. In the late 1990s, Washington and Bogotá rolled out Plan Colombia, officially to crush cartels, fight insurgents, and reduce coca. Billions in U.S. aid, training, and aerial fumigation followed, wrapped tightly in anti-drug and anti-terror language.
What happened on the ground looks less like drug control and more like state-building under U.S. supervision. Colombian armed forces modernized, paramilitaries expanded, and rural communities paid the price through displacement, crop destruction, and human rights abuses. Coca cultivation did not disappear; it moved. Trafficking routes adapted. Global cocaine markets stayed robust. From a conservative, common-sense standpoint, a policy that empowers abusive security actors and barely dents supply fails the basic test of protecting innocent people.
Venezuela and the Narco-Terror Script That Set Up Maduro’s Capture
Venezuela, an oil giant rather than a coca producer, entered the story as a corridor. After Hugo Chávez and then Nicolás Maduro turned sharply against U.S. policy, Washington reframed the country as a narco-regime. Officials spotlighted the alleged Cartel de los Soles within the armed forces and linked Maduro to narcoterrorism and gangs like Tren de Aragua.Sanctions, naval deployments, and “anti-drug” operations in the Caribbean escalated alongside this narrative.
On January 3, 2026, Operation “Absolute Resolve” brought the pattern full circle. U.S. forces seized Maduro and his wife Cilia Flores on narco-terrorism and cocaine-trafficking charges under the framework of United States v. Carvajal-Barrios, with U.S. media instantly calling it a “tale of two interventions” alongside the Noriega case. Supporters hailed a law-enforcement victory; critics saw a cross-border abduction justified by the same drug-war language used in Panama, now applied to a hostile regime instead of an unruly client.
Why the Drug War Keeps Expanding While Drugs Don’t Disappear
Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela form a clear pattern: every time Washington militarizes the drug war, local militaries, intelligence services, and U.S. regional commands grow stronger, and narcotics adapt rather than vanish. Counter-narcotics language legitimizes bases, surveillance, sanctions, and, when convenient, regime change. Sovereignty shrinks, especially for governments that defy U.S. interests, while cartels and corrupt officials simply reroute through new corridors and currencies.
For American conservatives, the core question is whether this model respects our values of constitutional limits, national interest clearly defined, and honest use of force. If a policy routinely empowers dubious foreign security forces, tramples another nation’s sovereignty, and leaves drugs flowing to American streets, calling it a “war on drugs” looks less like truth and more like branding. The record in Panama, Colombia, and now Venezuela suggests that the real constant is not public health or family safety, but strategic leverage dressed in the language of narcotics and terror.
Sources:
Latin American History Research Guide – University of Wisconsin
U.S. Acts of Aggression in Latin America Timeline – Veterans For Peace
Timeline: U.S. Military Ramp-Up in the Caribbean Raises Tensions with Venezuela – AS/COA
A Tale of Two Interventions: Venezuela and Panama – WKU Public Radio








